Motivation&Emotion:
Motivation: A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct Theory: We are motivated by our inborn automated behavior.
Drive-Reduction Theory: The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy they need.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow said we are motivated by needs, and all needs are not created equal. We are drive to satisfy the lower level needs first.
Hunger: Hunger is both physiological and psychological.
Biological Basis of Hunger:
- Hunger does not come from the stomach.
- It comes from the brain.
- Brain part: Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus:
- Lateral Hypothalamus: when stimulated, it makes you hungry.
- Ventromedial Hypothalamus: when stimulated, you feel full.
Two Theories:
- Leptin: Leptin is a protein produced by bloated fat cells.
- Set Point:
- Hypothalamus acts like a thermostat.
- We are meant to be in a certain weight range.
- When we fall below weight out body will increase hunger and decrease energy expenditure.
Body Chemistry:
- Glucose
- The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat.
- When glucose level drop-hunger increases.
Eating Disorders:
Bulimia Nervosa: Characterized by eating large amounts of food and getting rid of food.Anorexia Nervosa:
- Starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight.
- See themselves as fat.
- Vast majority are women.
Obesity:
- Severely overweight to the point where it causes health issues.
- Mostly eating habits but some people are predisposed towards obesity.
Achievement Motivation:
- Intrinsic Motivators: Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.
- Extrinsic Motivators: Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves.
Management Theory:
Theory X:
- Managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment.
- Think employees are extrinsically motivated.
- Only interested in Maslow's lower needs.
Theory Y:
- Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work & policies should encourage this internal motive.
- Interested in Maslow's higher needs.
