Tuesday, March 4, 2014

Unit 3: Notes

Motivation&Emotion:

Motivation: A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. 
Instinct Theory: We are motivated by our inborn automated behavior.
Drive-Reduction Theory: The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy they need. 
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow said we are motivated by needs, and all needs are not created equal. We are drive to satisfy the lower level needs first.
Hunger: Hunger is both physiological and psychological. 
Biological Basis of Hunger:
  • Hunger does not come from the stomach.
  • It comes from the brain.
  • Brain part: Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus:
  1. Lateral Hypothalamus: when stimulated, it makes you hungry.
  2. Ventromedial Hypothalamus: when stimulated, you feel full.
Two Theories:
  1. Leptin: Leptin is a protein produced by bloated fat cells.
  2. Set Point: 
  • Hypothalamus acts like a thermostat.
  • We are meant to be in a certain weight range.
  • When we fall below weight out body will increase hunger and decrease energy expenditure. 
Body Chemistry:
  • Glucose 
  • The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat. 
  • When glucose level drop-hunger increases.

Eating Disorders:

Bulimia Nervosa: Characterized by eating large amounts of food and getting rid of food.
Anorexia Nervosa: 

  • Starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight.
  • See themselves as fat.
  • Vast majority are women.
Obesity: 
  • Severely overweight to the point where it causes health issues. 
  • Mostly eating habits but some people are predisposed towards obesity.

Achievement Motivation:

  • Intrinsic Motivators: Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.
  • Extrinsic Motivators: Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves.

Management Theory:

Theory X: 
  • Managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment.
  • Think employees are extrinsically motivated.
  • Only interested in Maslow's lower needs.
Theory Y: 
  • Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work & policies should encourage this internal motive.
  • Interested in Maslow's higher needs.