Unit 3: Notes

Motivation&Emotion:

Motivation: A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. 

Instinct Theory: We are motivated by our inborn automated behavior.

Drive-Reduction Theory: The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy they need. 

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow said we are motivated by needs, and all needs are not created equal. We are drive to satisfy the lower level needs first.

Hunger: Hunger is both physiological and psychological. 

Biological Basis of Hunger:

• Hunger does not come from the stomach.
• It comes from the brain.
• Brain part: Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus:

1. Lateral Hypothalamus: when stimulated, it makes you hungry.
2. Ventromedial Hypothalamus: when stimulated, you feel full.

Two Theories:

1. Leptin: Leptin is a protein produced by bloated fat cells.
2. Set Point: 

• Hypothalamus acts like a thermostat.
• We are meant to be in a certain weight range.
• When we fall below weight out body will increase hunger and decrease energy expenditure. 

Body Chemistry:

• Glucose 
• The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat. 
• When glucose level drop-hunger increases.

Eating Disorders:

Bulimia Nervosa: Characterized by eating large amounts of food and getting rid of food.
Anorexia Nervosa: 

• Starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight.
• See themselves as fat.
• Vast majority are women.

Obesity: 

• Severely overweight to the point where it causes health issues. 
• Mostly eating habits but some people are predisposed towards obesity.

Achievement Motivation:

• Intrinsic Motivators: Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.
• Extrinsic Motivators: Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves.

Management Theory:

Theory X: 

• Managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment.
• Think employees are extrinsically motivated.
• Only interested in Maslow's lower needs.

Theory Y: 

• Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work & policies should encourage this internal motive.
• Interested in Maslow's higher needs.